Instructions for the Molecular Modeling Experiment

Experiment 3A. Molecular Modeling of Organometallic Molybdenum Compounds

The goal of this experiment is to model a series of organometallic complexes that have one ligand that is varied and to see how this variation of the ligand changes the properties of the complexes as predicted by molecular modeling. You will use these molecular modeling results to make some predictions about the properties of these complexes. You will then prepare the complexes you modeled (Experiment 3B) and see how well your predictions of chemical properties obtained from the modeling experiments fit the observed properties. The CAChe program allows you to calculate a number of properties of your complexes. These include optimized geometry with bond distances, electron density, HOMO-5 to LUMO+4, electrostatic potential, electrophilic susceptibility, nucleophilic susceptibility, etc.. You should pick a property that you think you can correlate to an experimentally observable quantity that can be measured on the department's equipment.

[Mo(CO)4(NN)] with two different NN ligands.
In this experiment you will model two different molybdenum complexes that vary in the particular nitrogen donor ligands which are utilized. The NN ligands would commonly be a bidentate diimine ligand like 2,2-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline or a variety of substituted analogs. Your laboratory report needs to address how this modification of the ligands is predicted to change the properties of your complexes. For some ideas, look over the tutorials on electrochemistry, electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, and NMR in the tutorials section. You need to use these modeling results to make predictions about the relative physical properties of the two systems you modeled. You don't have to try to make absolute predictions of properties. Properties that you might try to correlate to modeling results are IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, NMR spectroscopy, etc.. The ligands you select for the modeling studies will be the ones used in the synthesis part of this experiment (Experiment 3B) so make sure to consider their availability in your ligand selection process. The ligands you plan to use need to be approved by your TA prior to beginning Exp. 3A. To begin this experiment you need to go to the inorganic laboratory in Davidson 128 and open Netscape. This experiment has to be performed in our laboratory or computing lab since they are the only available computers which have the necessary software to utilize the CAChe molecular modeling software.

This molecular modeling experiment is composed of two parts. Part I will take you through a series of WWW based tutorials to teach you to use the CAChe molecular modeling package. After you have learned how to use this program Part II will involve the modeling of the compounds of interest to you in your experiment. After you have completed your molecular modeling, you will prepare your laboratory report for the modeling part of this experiment. It must include your modeling results as well as predictions concerning the properties of the complexes you propose to prepare. The laboratory report on your molecular modeling results must be submitted to Prof. Brewer prior to performing the synthesis and characterization of your complexes.

Experiment 3A and 3B are part of an integrated molecular modeling, synthesis and characterization laboratory designed to teach molecular modeling concepts in an integrated laboratory setting. This approach uses the internet and distributed learning to assist in the instruction of molecular modeling concepts and software usage. The design of the experiment allows for student input in the selection of the compounds to model and prepare and the nature of the molecular modeling performed. Students also select the physical property they want to make predictions concerning as a result of their molecular modeling results. The experimental design for Experiments 3A and 3B is as follows:

  1. The students select two [Mo(CO)4(NN)] complexes that vary the NN ligand (since you will have to prepare these complexes later please check with your TA regarding the suitability of the NN ligands and your proposed synthetic methods).
  2. The WWW tutorials are used to assist in the learning the use of the CAChe molecular modeling package. (The tutorials are found by following the links to the molecular modeling experiment on the course home page http://www.chem.vt.edu/chem-dept/brewer/chem-ed/4414/4414.html.)
  3. The students select the type of modeling exercises they would like to perform on their two [Mo(CO)4(NN)] complexes and they carry out these exercises.
  4. The students output and view their molecular modeling results and use these to make a prediction regarding some measurable physical property of the two [Mo(CO)4(NN)] complexes they selected.
  5. The students use the synthetic method they designed in consultation with their TA to prepare the two [Mo(CO)4(NN)] complexes.
  6. The students characterize the two [Mo(CO)4(NN)] complexes both to prove they have successfully prepared the proposed complexes and to measure the physical property about which they made a prediction from their molecular modeling results.
  7. The students compare the predictions they made from the molecular modeling exercise to that they observe in the characterization of their complexes and analyze the correlation.


Begin Part I
Begin Part II


This page is maintained by Karen J. Brewer