Pre-lab CPR on Lead in Paint by AAS
By Lawrence D Margerum. University of San Francisco
Mid level calibration
Dear Ms. Leadbetter,
This experiment uses an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS)
that measures lead in a paint chip. Kids put their mouth on everything and it
gets into their blood. They can forget things and cant grow as tall from lead.
There can only be 0.06% Pb in paint now, so it is safer.
Use a Mohr pipette to make the 8.0 ppm lead sample. Attach
the pump to the top and suck up some 100 ppm Pb standard. Write down the volume
you have and run out 2 mL of solution into a 25 mL volumetric flask. Then add
0.1M HNO3 to fill the flask and mix. The result is a dilution of 100
x 2/25 = 8 ppm.
Your AAS has a cathode lamp, a monochromater, a
photomultiplier tube and a detector. The lamp shoots a light into the flame and
it hits the lead atoms in the flame, then it gets detected. The sample with
lead in it is made up in water with some acid and then sprayed into the flame.
The more lead atoms you have, the more light gets absorbed.
So, Ms. Leadbetter, if you follow all of these steps you can
run the AAS too. Then you will be able to answer your own question, Is there
lead in my paint?
Best regards,
Calibration Questions:
- Do the
paragraphs have adequate topic sentences in the essay? (Does the first
sentence of the paragraph accurately introduce the subject?). Use the
following criteria: None if no paragraphs have adequate topic sentences;
Some if at least one, but not all paragraphs have topic sentences; and
Many if all paragraphs have adequate topic sentences. [1 POINT for some,
2 POINTS for many]
- Is the
current upper limit of lead in paint given as 0.06 wt % Pb (or 0.06% Pb by
weight)? [1POINT]
- Is
setting or reading the initial and final volumes of a Mohr pipette
discussed (discussing the difference in initial and final volumes is also
acceptable)? [1POINT]
- Are
there five (5) main components of an AAS listed (hollow cathode lamp,
nebulizer, flame, monochromator, photomultiplier tube)? [All or nothing
for 1 POINT]
- Is the
job description of the Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL) correct? (The HCL
provides a constant, intense emission or light line) [1 POINT]
- Does
the essay say that the lamp cathode contains, or is made of lead? [1POINT]
- Does
the essay say that lead atoms in the flame absorb some of the light from
the Hollow Cathode Lamp causing a drop in the Photomultiplier signal (or
that less light reaches the detector)? [1POINT]
- Are
there any misspelled words? (For example, nebulizer, monochromator,
photomultiplier). [1POINT if none]
- Are
there grammatical errors in the essay? (Run-on or incomplete sentences; missing articles such
the Lamp; or subject-verb disagreements like The volumes was recorded,
that should be The volumes were recorded [1POINT if no major mistakes]